Water is a unique natural resource vital for the survival of humanity and all other lifeforms. It is the second most important element for the human body after oxygen. Besides the human body contains 2/3 water. It is also a vital resource for ecosystems and meets the basic needs of the human population.

The importance of water for the conservation of ecosystems and generally for the continuation of life on earth is due to the fact although it is a renewable resource, in fact it is not inexhaustible. Being a key factor to the development of agriculture, fisheries, energy, industry, trade and tourism, as well as to the creation of the important elements of the environment, its protection from both its excessive use and its contamination is a major concern for environmental and social organizations, governments and international organizations. Thus, despite its treatment as a product with economic value, modern international law provides that: "Water is a heritage which must be protected and treated as such" (Water Framework Directive 2000/60 / EU) while the "human right to water" has been established by the World Health Organization and the United Nations. We should not forget also the reports of the Rio Conference, 1992 (Agenda 21) that water is essential to all aspects of life and the provision of good quality water to the entire population of the planet should be an objective of all states - parties who signed the document of the Conference.

Life without water is impossible, thus water is identified with the evolution of the human history and the life of the planet itself. Since pre-historic times water was a starting point and cultural reference. The first human settlements flourished around lakes or along major rivers, and the great civilizations of antiquity were developed in areas with high rainfall rates. The connection of water to the development of human civilization is easily explained. Water gives life, promotes food culture, allows the transport of goods and the development of trade and its promotes cooperation between peoples through the exchange of cultural elements.

Nowadays water is even more important for sustaining life and human culture, as both climate change and the human interventions in its qualitative and quantitative features (pollution and overexploitation) makes it dangerous, limiting drinking water sources. Maintaining good quality of water resources, therefore, is a common goal for all countries. In the context of water protection there were created the values of cooperation among peoples for management of shared water resources in border regions. This partnership also represents new hope for the improvement of the environmental situation of common water resources and their promotion as interface places of both their environmental assets and other cultural elements of countries.